The early photovoltaic controllers were all PWM. This kind of electrical structure is simple. The controller consists of a power main switch and capacitor as well as a drive and protection circuit. The output voltage is controlled by the PWM duty cycle of the switch tube.

The PWM controller connects the solar array and the solar panel with only one switch. As the battery is gradually charged and the battery voltage rises, the PWM controller will gradually reduce the power provided to the battery, and the photovoltaic output will be output according to the maximum power. . The PWM controller has the function of battery charge and discharge management, which can prevent the battery from overcharging and overdischarging.

Because there is only one switch between the solar module and the battery of the PWM controller, there is no voltage divider device such as inductance in the middle, so in the design, the voltage of the module is about 1.2-2.0 times the voltage of the battery, such as a 24V battery, the module input The voltage is between 30-50V, each string can only be equipped with one module, 48V battery, the module input voltage is between 60-80V, and each string can only be equipped with two modules.

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