120A MPPT Charge Controllers

The two main types of charge controller

    While charge controllers come in a vast range of prices, power ratings and features, they all fall into one of two basic categories: pulse-width modulation (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

PWM types are relatively simple, using a switch between the PV array and the battery. 

    The switch is able to open and close rapidly,#mppt 48v 120a       thus being able to pulse or “throttle back” the electricity coming from a solar panel in order to taper off the charge current as the batteries become full. 

    Since PWM controllers operate with a switch only, the array voltage during operation is equal to the battery voltage. This means that you need to use nominal voltage solar panels with a PWM controller (36-cell panels for 12 V nominal and 72-cell panels for 24 V nominal).

    Even with a nominal voltage array, a PWM controller will operate below the maximum power voltage (Vmp). When it’s cold outside or when the battery voltage gets low, #solar tracker controller      a PWM controller will operate well below Vmp and the max power (Pmp) rating of the solar array. 

   To take full advantage of a PV array’s maximum power output, you need an MPPT controller.

   MPPT controllers are comparatively more sophisticated. They can adjust (or track) the input voltage and current of the PV array to find the optimum operating voltage that will generate the most power at a given moment. Below are graphs of the current vs. voltage (IV) and current vs. power (IP) for a nominal voltage PV array. By continuously tracking and operating at Vmp, an MPPT controller will be able to generate more power than a PWM controller during bulk charging.

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