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Photovoltaic effect refers to the photoelectric effect in which a potential difference is generated between two points in a material by absorbing photons, which is a kind of photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic effect is the abbreviation of photovoltaic effect.

Principle of Photoelectric Effect

When light is irradiated on a clean metal or semiconductor material surface, when the frequency v of the incident light exceeds a certain value, there will be significant electron emission. The escaped electrons are called photoelectrons. Each photon has energy hv where h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the light. Under light irradiation, photons interact with electrons after entering the object. If the electrons are free, the electrons that absorb the energy of the photons overcome the barrier potential on the surface of the object and escape from the surface of the object to generate photoelectrons.

Difference Between Photoelectric Effect and Photovoltaic Effect

The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon of photoelectric change in which light is irradiated on certain substances, causing the electrical properties of the substances to change, that is, the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. The photoelectric effect is divided into external photoelectric effect and internal photoelectric effect.

The external photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon that the electrons in the object escape from the surface of the object and are emitted outward under the action of light. Also called photoemission effect.

The internal photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon that the light on the object changes the electrical conductivity of the object, or generates a photoelectromotive force. Divided into photoconductive effect and photovoltaic effect (ie photovoltaic effect). The photoconductive effect is a phenomenon in which electrons absorb photon energy from a bonded state to a free state under the action of light, causing a change in the electrical conductivity of a material. That is, when light is irradiated on the photoconductor, if the photoconductor is an intrinsic semiconductor material, and the light radiation energy is strong enough, the electrons in the valence band of the photoelectric material will be excited to the conduction band, so that the conductivity of the photoconductor changes. Big. Photovoltaic effect refers to the phenomenon that the light produces a potential difference between the different parts of the uneven semiconductor or the combination of the semiconductor and the metal.

In general, the difference between the photoelectric effect and the photovoltaic effect is as follows:

First, by definition, the photoelectric effect is actually the premise of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect is that the photoelectric effect acts on the special place of the semiconductor, resulting in a potential difference.

Second, in terms of materials, the material that produces the photovoltaic effect can only be a semiconductor, and the material of the photo-emission effect can be a metal.

Third, the photovoltaic effect is a minority carrier process, in which the minority carriers in the semiconductor absorb photons to generate a potential difference across the PN junction, while the photoemission effect is that the semiconductor or metal radiates free electrons under the excitation of photons, and overcomes After the surface barrier, the electrons escape from the surface and emit electrons.

Fourth, the carriers cannot leave the material in the photovoltaic effect, the latter can leave the material.

Fifth, the former has a certain absorption spectrum for the spectrum and is related to the light intensity, while the latter has a cut-off wavelength. The electron escape velocity has nothing to do with the light intensity, but only the frequency.

Applications of the Photovoltaic Effect

Photovoltaic power generation and solar power generation are typical applications of the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface. The production of solar cells is mainly based on semiconductor materials, and its working principle is to use photoelectric materials to absorb light energy and generate photoelectric conversion reactions.

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