Solar inverters can be divided into the following three categories:

Stand alone inverters: used in stand-alone system, the photovoltaic array charges the battery, and the inverter takes the DC voltage of the battery as the energy source. Many stand-alone inverters also integrate battery chargers, which can charge the batteries with AC power. Generally, this kind of inverter will not touch the power grid, so it does not need islanding protection function.

Grid tie inverters: the output voltage of the inverter can be sent back to the commercial AC power supply, so the output sine wave needs to be the same as the phase, frequency and voltage of the power supply. Grid connected inverter will have safety design, if not connected to the power supply, it will automatically turn off the output. If the grid power supply is cut off, the grid connected inverter has no function of reserve power supply.

Battery backup inverters is a kind of special inverter, which uses the battery as its power supply and the battery charger to charge the battery. If there is too much power, it will be recharged to the AC power supply. This kind of inverter can provide AC power to the specified load when the power supply of the power grid jumps, so it needs the function of islanding effect protection. [1]

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